{"id":13804,"date":"2024-12-04T13:59:00","date_gmt":"2024-12-04T12:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bibliolingua.eu\/?p=13804"},"modified":"2024-12-02T16:09:45","modified_gmt":"2024-12-02T15:09:45","slug":"hviezda-ziari-na-hodinu-nasho-stretnutia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bibliolingua.eu\/sk\/hviezda-ziari-na-hodinu-nasho-stretnutia\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201eHviezda \u017eiari na hodinu n\u00e1\u0161ho stretnutia\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V\u010faka filmom a telev\u00edznym seri\u00e1lom \u010ditatelia znovu objavili mnoh\u00e9 knihy, a\u202ftie sa stali popul\u00e1rnej\u0161\u00edmi viac ako kedyko\u013evek predt\u00fdm. Uk\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fd pr\u00edklad tohto \u00faspechu predstavuje n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 tvorba Johna Ronalda Reuela Tolkiena (1892 – 1973). <\/p>\n\n

Mo\u017eno nie ka\u017ed\u00fd vie, \u017ee J.R.R. Tolkien vo svojich knih\u00e1ch nielen vym\u00fd\u0161\u013eal postavy, svety a trad\u00edcie, ale svojim pr\u00edbehom dodal to, \u010do odli\u0161uje kult\u00fary a hlboko charakterizuje ka\u017ed\u00e9ho jednotlivca: jazyk.<\/p>\n\n

Oxfordsk\u00fd profesor, filol\u00f3g a lingvista Tolkien, vymyslel 20 jazykov, ka\u017ed\u00fd s vlastnou slovnou z\u00e1sobou, gramatikou a syntaxou. Spomedzi nich s\u00fa najkomplexnej\u0161ie a najfascinuj\u00facej\u0161ie elfsk\u00e9 jazyky quenij\u010dina (jazyk u\u010den\u00fdch a rozumn\u00fdch elfov straten\u00e9ho Z\u00e1padu, ak\u00e1si \u201eelfsk\u00e1 latin\u010dina\u201c) a sindar\u010dina (jazyk elfov Stredozemia). V\u0161etky Tolkien d\u00f4myselne prepojil do v\u00fdvojovej sch\u00e9my a spolo\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00e4zieb, ktor\u00e9 sa ve\u013emi podobaj\u00fa jazykom skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho sveta. <\/p>\n\n

\u010cinnos\u0165 vytv\u00e1rania umel\u00fdch jazykov rozv\u00edjan\u00edm ich jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed (fonol\u00f3gia, gramatika, lexika…) sa naz\u00fdva \u201eglosopoiesis\u201c, z gr\u00e9ckeho glossa (jazyk) a p\u00f3iesis (tvorba). Tvorca jazyka m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 r\u00f4zny cie\u013e, napr\u00edklad v r\u00e1mci rom\u00e1nu m\u00f4\u017ee vyn\u00e1jdenie \u201elingua franca\u201c umo\u017eni\u0165 stretnutie post\u00e1v z r\u00f4znych svetov a kult\u00far. Alebo in\u00fdm d\u00f4vodom m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u010disto jazykov\u00fd experiment. <\/p>\n\n

Tolkien u\u017e od mladosti prejavoval z\u00e1ujem o jazyky: gr\u00e9\u010dtina, latin\u010dina, talian\u010dina a f\u00edn\u010dina patrili medzi prv\u00e9 jazyky, ktor\u00e9 si osvojil s\u202fmimoriadnou zru\u010dnos\u0165ou. Sl\u00e1vny Tolkienov vtipn\u00fd cit\u00e1t prirovn\u00e1va objavenie f\u00edn\u010diny k objaveniu \u201epivnice plnej flia\u0161 neoby\u010dajn\u00e9ho v\u00edna, ktor\u00e9ho druh a\u202fchu\u0165 som nikdy predt\u00fdm neochutnal. \u00daplne ma to opojilo\u201c. <\/p>\n\n

Tolkien to nap\u00edsal v jednom zo svojich listov: \u201eNikto mi never\u00ed, ke\u010f hovor\u00edm, \u017ee moja rozsiahla kniha (t. j. P\u00e1n prste\u0148ov) je pokusom o vytvorenie sveta, v ktorom sa forma jazyka, prijate\u013en\u00e1 pre moje osobn\u00e9 estetick\u00e9 c\u00edtenie, m\u00f4\u017ee zda\u0165 ako skuto\u010dn\u00e1. \u201c<\/p>\n\n

Bez oh\u013eadu na v\u00fdvoj t\u00fdchto skuto\u010dnost\u00ed, teda \u010di Tolkien vyu\u017e\u00edval svoje pr\u00edbehy pre pote\u0161enie z tvorby nov\u00fdch jazykov, alebo naopak, tvorba nov\u00fdch jazykov in\u0161pirovala jeho pr\u00edbehy, n\u00e1s, \u010ditate\u013eov, st\u00e1le fascinuje atmosf\u00e9ra, ktor\u00fa anglick\u00fd spisovate\u013e vytv\u00e1ra v ka\u017edom zo svojich diel. Zatia\u013e \u010do na jednej strane mo\u017eno vytvori\u0165 nekone\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo jazykov, na druhej strane modern\u00ed lingvisti predkladaj\u00fa ve\u013emi zauj\u00edmav\u00fd poh\u013ead na svetov\u00e9 jazyky. Pod\u013ea jazykovedcov s\u00fa si v skuto\u010dnosti v\u0161etky jazyky, ktor\u00fdmi hovor\u00edme, v ur\u010dit\u00fdch aspektoch podobn\u00e9: prejavuj\u00fa sa v nich rovnak\u00e9 z\u00e1konitosti, riadia sa rovnak\u00fdmi pravidlami, u\u010dia sa \u00faplne rovnak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom. Rozdiely s\u00fa teda len mierne. Noam Chomsky (nar. 1928; americk\u00fd filozof, lingvista, kognit\u00edvny vedec, teoretik v oblasti komunik\u00e1cie a politick\u00fd aktivista) tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee ak by vedec z Marsu, bytos\u0165 s in\u00fdm typom inteligencie, sk\u00famal jazyky sveta, dospel by k z\u00e1veru, \u017ee v\u0161etky s\u00fa dialektami jedn\u00e9ho jazyka, ktor\u00fd predstavuje \u201euniverz\u00e1lnu gramatiku\u201c. <\/p>\n\n

Na z\u00e1ver mo\u017eno poveda\u0165, \u017ee jazyky sa menia, vyv\u00edjaj\u00fa a vznikaj\u00fa, ale z\u00e1kladom pre \u010dloveka je komunik\u00e1cia. Rozmanitos\u0165 prin\u00e1\u0161a bohatstvo v\u0161ade. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u010faka filmom a telev\u00edznym seri\u00e1lom \u010ditatelia znovu objavili mnoh\u00e9 knihy, a\u202ftie sa stali popul\u00e1rnej\u0161\u00edmi viac ako kedyko\u013evek predt\u00fdm. Uk\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fd pr\u00edklad tohto \u00faspechu predstavuje n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 tvorba Johna Ronalda Reuela Tolkiena (1892 – 1973). Mo\u017eno nie ka\u017ed\u00fd vie, \u017ee J.R.R. Tolkien vo svojich knih\u00e1ch nielen vym\u00fd\u0161\u013eal postavy, svety a trad\u00edcie, ale svojim pr\u00edbehom dodal to, \u010do odli\u0161uje […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":13797,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13804","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-sk"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bibliolingua.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13804","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bibliolingua.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bibliolingua.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bibliolingua.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bibliolingua.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13804"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bibliolingua.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13804\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13805,"href":"https:\/\/bibliolingua.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13804\/revisions\/13805"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bibliolingua.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13797"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bibliolingua.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13804"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bibliolingua.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13804"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bibliolingua.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13804"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}