{"id":9166,"date":"2023-07-17T15:42:00","date_gmt":"2023-07-17T13:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bibliolingua.eu\/cielene-citanie-a-jeho-praktiky\/"},"modified":"2024-08-29T14:39:57","modified_gmt":"2024-08-29T12:39:57","slug":"cielene-citanie-a-jeho-praktiky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bibliolingua.eu\/sk\/cielene-citanie-a-jeho-praktiky\/","title":{"rendered":"Cielen\u00e9 \u010d\u00edtanie a jeho praktiky"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ke\u010f\u017ee ka\u017edodenn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 bohat\u00e9 na pr\u00e1cu s r\u00f4znymi textami praktick\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu, mo\u017eno tvrdi\u0165, \u017ee existuj\u00fa ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010ditate\u013esk\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa pre \u017eivot ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dloveka extr\u00e9mny v\u00fdznam. Schopnos\u0165 \u00faspe\u0161ne pracova\u0165 s tla\u010den\u00fdmi m\u00e9diami, telef\u00f3nnymi spr\u00e1vami, reklamami a in\u00fdmi textami tohto druhu, je z\u00e1kladnou zru\u010dnos\u0165ou zvl\u00e1dania textu. V\u00fdsledkom je bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a jednoduchos\u0165 \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n

„Cielen\u00e9 \u010d\u00edtanie“ zvy\u010dajne odkazuje na schopnos\u0165 \u010d\u00edta\u0165 a porozumie\u0165 p\u00edsomn\u00e9mu materi\u00e1lu na praktick\u00e9 alebo funk\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely. To znamen\u00e1, vedie\u0165 porozumie\u0165 u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fdm inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m z r\u00f4znych typov textov, ako s\u00fa n\u00e1pisy, etikety, pokyny, formul\u00e1re, pr\u00edru\u010dky, e-maily a in\u00e9 p\u00edsomn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, s ktor\u00fdmi sa stret\u00e1vame v ka\u017edodennom \u017eivote.<\/p>\n\n

Cielen\u00e9 \u010ditate\u013esk\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa viac ako len dek\u00f3dovanie slov; zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa aj pochopenie kontextu, v\u00fdznamu a d\u00f4sledkov textu. Jednotlivci so schopnos\u0165ami cielene \u010d\u00edta\u0165, m\u00f4\u017eu efekt\u00edvne zhroma\u017e\u010fova\u0165 inform\u00e1cie, riadi\u0165 sa pokynmi, robi\u0165 informovan\u00e9 rozhodnutia a zap\u00e1ja\u0165 sa do \u00faloh, ktor\u00e9 si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa \u010d\u00edtanie, ako je vyp\u013a\u0148anie formul\u00e1rov, porozumenie ozna\u010deniam na liekoch, navig\u00e1cia v syst\u00e9moch verejnej dopravy a dodr\u017eiavanie receptov.<\/p>\n\n

Tieto zru\u010dnosti s\u00fa nevyhnutn\u00e9 pre nez\u00e1visl\u00fd \u017eivot, vzdelanie, zamestnanie a \u00fa\u010das\u0165 v spolo\u010dnosti. Cielen\u00e9 \u010d\u00edtanie presahuje \u010d\u00edtanie pre pote\u0161enie alebo z\u00e1bavu a zameriava sa na praktick\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie \u010ditate\u013esk\u00fdch zru\u010dnost\u00ed pri plnen\u00ed \u00faloh a rie\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mov v r\u00f4znych situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch re\u00e1lneho sveta.<\/p>\n\n

Ako nau\u010di\u0165 zru\u010dnosti cielen\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edtania<\/h2>\n\n

Vyu\u010dovanie cielen\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edtania zah\u0155\u0148a \u0161trukt\u00farovan\u00fd pr\u00edstup, ktor\u00fd sa zameriava na praktick\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie \u010ditate\u013esk\u00fdch zru\u010dnost\u00ed v situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch z ka\u017edodenn\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Tu je podrobn\u00fd n\u00e1vod, ako nau\u010di\u0165 cielen\u00e9mu \u010d\u00edtaniu:<\/p>\n\n

Hodnotenie: Za\u010dnite hodnoten\u00edm s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch \u010ditate\u013esk\u00fdch zru\u010dnost\u00ed \u0161tudenta, \u00farovne porozumenia a ak\u00fdchko\u013evek \u0161pecifick\u00fdch oblast\u00ed probl\u00e9mov.<\/p>\n\n

Identifikujte ciele: Ur\u010dte si \u0161pecifick\u00e9 ciele cielen\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edtania pre \u0161tudenta. Ak\u00e9 praktick\u00e9 \u00falohy musia zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165? M\u00f4\u017eu zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 \u00falohy ako \u010d\u00edtanie etikiet, dodr\u017eiavanie receptov, porozumenie cestovn\u00fdm poriadkom verejnej dopravy alebo vyp\u013a\u0148anie formul\u00e1rov.<\/p>\n\n

Uvedenie materi\u00e1lu na \u010d\u00edtanie do kontextu: Vyberte materi\u00e1ly na \u010d\u00edtanie, ktor\u00e9 sa t\u00fdkaj\u00fa cie\u013eov \u0161tudenta. Pou\u017e\u00edvajte texty z re\u00e1lneho sveta, ako s\u00fa etikety z produktov, n\u00e1kupn\u00e9 zoznamy, zna\u010dky na uliciach a \u010fal\u0161ie praktick\u00e9 dokumenty.<\/p>\n\n

Dek\u00f3dovacie zru\u010dnosti: Nau\u010dte alebo posilnite z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 \u010ditate\u013esk\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti, vr\u00e1tane hl\u00e1sok, slov s vysokou frekvenciou a rozpozn\u00e1vania slov. Zamerajte sa na budovanie ich schopnosti presne dek\u00f3dova\u0165 slov\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n

Budovanie slovnej z\u00e1soby: Predstavte a vyu\u010dujte slovn\u00fa z\u00e1sobu, s ktorou sa \u0161tudent be\u017ene stret\u00e1va v ka\u017edodennom \u017eivote a \u00faloh\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n

Strat\u00e9gie porozumenia: U\u010dte strat\u00e9gie porozumenia, ako je identifik\u00e1cia hlavn\u00fdch my\u0161lienok, v\u00fdber podstatn\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed a pochopenie kontextu. Pou\u017eite ot\u00e1zky na overenie ich pochopenia materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n\n

Vizu\u00e1lne pom\u00f4cky: Na zlep\u0161enie porozumenia pou\u017e\u00edvajte vizu\u00e1lne pom\u00f4cky, ako s\u00fa obr\u00e1zky, diagramy a skuto\u010dn\u00e9 predmety. Je to u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 najm\u00e4 pre \u0161tudentov, ktor\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 preferenciu vizu\u00e1lneho u\u010denia sa alebo \u0165a\u017ekosti.<\/p>\n\n

Opakovanie a precvi\u010dovanie: Opakovanie je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dom k posilneniu cielen\u00fdch zru\u010dnost\u00ed \u010d\u00edtania. Poskytnite \u0161tudentovi dostatok pr\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed na precvi\u010denie si \u010d\u00edtania v r\u00f4znych s\u00favislostiach.<\/p>\n\n

Prax v re\u00e1lnom \u017eivote: Povzbudzujte \u0161tudenta, aby uplat\u0148oval svoje \u010ditate\u013esk\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti v skuto\u010dn\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. Sprev\u00e1dzajte ich pri \u00faloh\u00e1ch, ako je nakupovanie, pou\u017e\u00edvanie verejnej dopravy alebo \u010d\u00edtanie pokynov, a ve\u010fte ich po\u010das cel\u00e9ho procesu.<\/p>\n\n

Sp\u00e4tn\u00e1 v\u00e4zba a podpora: Poskytnite kon\u0161trukt\u00edvnu sp\u00e4tn\u00fa v\u00e4zbu oh\u013eadom ich \u00fasilia pri \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed. Vyzdvihnite ich \u00faspechy a oblasti na zlep\u0161enie. Pon\u00faknite im podporu a poradenstvo, ke\u010f \u010delia v\u00fdzvam.<\/p>\n\n

Prisp\u00f4sobte sa individu\u00e1lnym potreb\u00e1m: Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u0161tudent je jedine\u010dn\u00fd. Prisp\u00f4sobte svoje vyu\u010dovacie strat\u00e9gie tak, aby vyhovovali r\u00f4znym \u0161t\u00fdlom u\u010denia sa, schopnostiam a preferenci\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n

D\u00f4slednos\u0165: D\u00f4sledn\u00e9 precvi\u010dovanie a vystavenie sa situ\u00e1ci\u00e1m, s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pre rozvoj zru\u010dnost\u00ed. Povzbudzujte \u0161tudenta, aby pokra\u010doval v pravidelnom \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed, aby si zachoval a zlep\u0161il svoje cielen\u00e9 schopnosti \u010d\u00edtania.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdu\u010dba cielen\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edtania je postupn\u00fd proces, ktor\u00fd si vy\u017eaduje trpezlivos\u0165 a porozumenie. Prisp\u00f4soben\u00edm svojho pr\u00edstupu potreb\u00e1m \u0161tudenta a zameran\u00edm sa na aplikovanie v re\u00e1lnom svete, im m\u00f4\u017eete pom\u00f4c\u0165 rozv\u00edja\u0165 praktick\u00e9 \u010ditate\u013esk\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 zlep\u0161uj\u00fa ich nez\u00e1vislos\u0165 a ka\u017edodenn\u00e9 fungovanie.<\/p>\n\n

Niektor\u00e9 aktivity, ktor\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na\u0161i u\u010ditelia jazykov:<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  1. Cvi\u010denia na rytmus slov – \u017diaci rozdelen\u00ed do skup\u00edn po 3-4, text je o ka\u017edodennom \u017eivote (biol\u00f3gia, geografia, fyzika, n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo at\u010f.). Dajte \u0161tudentom 10 \u2013 15 min\u00fat na to, aby si pre\u010d\u00edtali text a zistili najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie inform\u00e1cie, dajte im 5 min\u00fat na vytvorenie pojmovej mapy na tabuli a nechajte ich vysvetli\u0165 hlavn\u00fa my\u0161lienku textu ostatn\u00fdm \u0161tudentom.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Kniha a la Carte – Ka\u017ed\u00fd si pripravil kr\u00e1tku hru o knihe a aj divadeln\u00e9 predstavenie. Skupinov\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Obaly kn\u00edh \u2013 \u017diaci pomocou digit\u00e1lnych n\u00e1strojov zaznamen\u00e1vali svoje vlastn\u00e9 hlasy pri \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed knihy a ostatn\u00ed \u017eiaci ma\u013eovali to, \u010domu z knihy porozumeli.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Rande naslepo s knihami\/poviedkami \u2013 zaba\u013ete knihy do papiera, aby ste skryli ich obal \u2013 preto n\u00e1zov \u201erande naslepo\u201c \u2013 a ozdobte obal l\u00e1kav\u00fdmi faktami, n\u00e1pove\u010fami o z\u00e1pletke alebo prv\u00fdmi riadkami kn\u00edh. Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si pr\u00edbehy a diskutujte o nich. Hlavn\u00e9 my\u0161lienky, postavy at\u010f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. 10 min\u00fat \u010d\u00edtania \u2013 cie\u013eom je za\u010da\u0165 v malom, povzbudi\u0165 ich, aby \u010d\u00edtali viac a aby si zvykli na ka\u017edodenn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edtanie. M\u00f4\u017ee sa to realizova\u0165 v triede, na hodine, po\u010das prest\u00e1vky, v autobuse at\u010f. \u010c\u00edtanie zlep\u0161uje p\u00edsanie, gramatiku a hl\u00e1skovanie.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    Zdroje<\/h2>\n\n

    17 Literacy Strategies for Teachers To Use in the Classroom https:\/\/www.indeed.com\/career-advice\/career-development\/literacy-strategies<\/a><\/p>\n\n

    Berry, Marilyn. 1984. HELP IS ON THE WAY FOR: Reading Skills. Chicago: Children Press<\/p>\n\n

    Tools and Strategies to Help You Teach Functional Reading. https:\/\/autismclassroomresources.com\/functional-reading-strategies-and-tools\/#What%20Our%20Students%20Need%20For%20Functional%20Reading<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Ke\u010f\u017ee ka\u017edodenn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 bohat\u00e9 na pr\u00e1cu s r\u00f4znymi textami praktick\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu, mo\u017eno tvrdi\u0165, \u017ee existuj\u00fa ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010ditate\u013esk\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa pre \u017eivot ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dloveka extr\u00e9mny v\u00fdznam. Schopnos\u0165 \u00faspe\u0161ne pracova\u0165 s tla\u010den\u00fdmi m\u00e9diami, telef\u00f3nnymi spr\u00e1vami, reklamami a in\u00fdmi textami tohto druhu, je z\u00e1kladnou zru\u010dnos\u0165ou zvl\u00e1dania textu. V\u00fdsledkom je bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a jednoduchos\u0165 \u017eivota. „Cielen\u00e9 \u010d\u00edtanie“ […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3921,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9166","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-sk"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bibliolingua.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9166","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bibliolingua.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bibliolingua.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bibliolingua.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bibliolingua.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9166"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bibliolingua.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9166\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9167,"href":"https:\/\/bibliolingua.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9166\/revisions\/9167"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bibliolingua.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3921"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bibliolingua.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9166"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bibliolingua.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9166"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bibliolingua.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9166"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}